Shaping Identity Using Social Structure

Presentation Social structure and social communication are necessary in assessing a person’s character. Characters are simply the arrangements of implications individuals hold for themselves that characterize â€Å"what it means† to be who they are as people, as job inhabitants and as gathering individuals (PJB article) People are for the most part impacted by the standards and convictions of society. A person’s personality is shaped through a blend of variables got from social structure (macrosociology) and social connection (microsociology).The self impacts society through the activities of people along these lines making gatherings, associations, systems, and establishments (PJB a soiciological way to deal with self and character). Proportionally, society impacts the self through its common language and implications that empower an individual to play the job of the other, participate in social cooperation, and consider oneself as an item. (PJB, a sociological way to deal with self and personality). This exposition investigates how parts of social structure can be more significant in forming an individual character than social interaction.PARAGRAPH 1 (Definitions& Context) Social structure alludes to the system that encompasses us, comprising of the connections of individuals and gatherings, which provides guidance to and sets limits on conduct. (Social science, A Down to Earth Approach SDEA) K Plummer characterizes social structures as the examples of unsurprising human activities that bunch around key issues in living and they change in all social orders. Social structure is surrounding us and is the thing that assists with directing our conduct and keep our life in order.It lays the right foundation for a person to carry on and act fittingly in various settings at various occasions. Social structure is comprised of culture, social class, economic wellbeing, jobs, gatherings and social establishments (SDEA). Social collaboration is the way that individuals communicate with each other (SDEA). As indicated by K Plummer, people connect persistently in social activity and association with others †changing their own lives and others. We are never single people and consistently rely upon others for a feeling of what our identity is (K Plummer).A person’s activity is impacted by the activities or familiarity with others. Social collaboration incorporates generalizations, individual space, contacting, eye to eye connection, grinning, applied non-verbal communication, dramaturgy, job execution, strife and strain (SDEA). The contrast between social structure and social communication is that social structure gives a manual for regular daily existence and social association gives an importance of sense (ref)? Passage 2 Social status alludes to a place that somebody involves (SDEA). Statuses can be lofty or less renowned and range from mother, little girl, life partner, legal advisor to criminal.Most people are found to possess a few statuses all the while therefore giving us the term ‘status set’(SDEA). For instance, an individual can assume the status of mother, spouse, worker and companion. Out of all the statuses we possess, there is one huge status that will in general supersede the various statuses one may involve, this is named as a ‘master status’ (SDEA). Status can be additionally separated into two sorts, ‘achieved status’ and ‘ascribed status’. To represent ‘achieved status’, Usain Bolt is most popular for being the quickest man in the world.We consider him to be a multi year old Jamaican olympic style events competitor, a child and sibling, however since the time winning both 100 meter and 200 meter races in the London 2012 Olympics, his accomplishments has earned him that title. ‘Achieved status’ can be both positive and negative (SDEA). On the other hand, factors that are automatic and acquired, fo r example, race, sex, family social class, is known as ‘ascribed status’ (SDEA). These elements are normally outside our ability to control. As life brings change, so too do our statuses. It is continually developing as per changes and stages in life.Despite our situation, it is our status that controls our conduct. For example, an associate may go up to work one day subsequent to confronting a few troubles at home, anyway in a workplace, he would proceed to work and carry on in an expert way paying little heed to his own circumstances. What's more, people can likewise strengthen their character by utilizing superficial points of interest in as a feature of their appearance. This can be as a work uniform to imply an occupation, or in a design sense, the kind of garments worn is a quiet explanation of what separates you from others.PARAGRAPH 3 As Linton states, â€Å"a individual holds a status, and plays out a role†. Basically, a status is a position and a job is a lot of practices. With every status, follows a specific job for us to partake in. Individuals will in general adjust to jobs, traveling through various jobs in familiarity as understudy, child, companion. Since individuals will in general have a wide range of statuses and along these lines, a wide range of jobs, struggle sporadically happens among the different jobs. The idea of job strife is â€Å"conflict among the jobs associated with at least two statuses† (ref).A genuine case of job struggle lies in the working mother; she should assume the obligations of mothering the kids at home while assuming the duties of working outside the home, away from the kids, so as to acquire a pay (RR). This sort of contention includes jobs which emerge from isolated statuses, however a similar kind of contention can happen from the jobs of a solitary status. Job strain, at that point, is â€Å"tension among the jobs associated with a solitary status†. An educator, for instance, c an be amicable with their understudies, yet should stay objective in evaluating them.Roles help to keep our conduct adjusted to our specific status. Jobs are a fundamental part of social structure since they spread out what is anticipated from individuals. Job execution is the manner by which somebody plays out a job, demonstrating a specific ‘style’ or ‘personality’ (SDEA). Job execution permits us our own remarkable distinction to appear on the other side. Passage 4 â€Å"Knowledge is power, data is freeing, training is the reason of progress in each general public in each family†. These well known words cited by Kofi Annan allude to a couple of social organizations that are a piece of social structure.Social instituitions comprise of family, religion, instruction, financial matters, medication, governmental issues, law, science, military and broad communications (SDEA). Every one capacities independently however together they empower society to ke ep up arrange and make a feeling of network. The broad communications impacts our perspectives toward social issues, the manners in which that we see others and even our self-idea (SDEA). Data in the media can be incredibly enticing, it can undoubtedly adjust our discernment on the off chance that we are not cautious or have next to no involvement with the subject of intrigue. They give data and entertainment as well as form popular sentiment and attitudes.The data and information which we gather through life from media is a piece of making a personality for ourselves. To illustrate, smoking notices have been around to advance mindfulness and informs us concerning genuine wellbeing suggestions. Notwithstanding, today’s youth may see it contrastingly and participate in it due to peer pressure. Then again, media can likewise unite countries when there is a significant occasion, for example, the Olympics, question and answer sessions, etc (RR). The subject of religion is another social establishment as it includes examples of convictions and conduct that help a general public meet its essential needs (steven Burkan).Emile Durkheim (1915/1947) [1] watched some time in the past that each general public has convictions about things that are heavenly and remarkable and convictions about things that are increasingly handy and practical (Durkheim, E. (1947). The rudimentary types of strict life (J. Lover, Trans. ). Glencoe, IL: Free Press. (Unique work distributed 1915)). Religion instructs us to rehearse a lifestyle that is satisfying for self as well as other people, in this manner empowering people to turn out to be better individuals. This can likewise make a significance of character for a few. The other social foundations, for example, instruction, legislative issues, law and the military keeps society safe and in order.They illuminate us regarding decides and guidelines with the goal that society can work and look after request. Every social organization set up the setting which we live, molding our conduct and shading our considerations. (SDEA). Social organizations structure the mainstays of society, they are a lot of rules, however markers for society to build up a character that is lined up with culture. End Which is increasingly significant in forming singular character? Investigations of social structure endeavor to clarify the importance of forming one’s character and in blend assume an indispensable job in characterizing an individual.It is the substance, which gives a method of comprehending what our identity is. This gives advancement to a character which people are implanted in and along these lines comprehended, imparted, and imparted to others in culture. For instance, people can characterize their personality after gathering somebody just because by depicting what they do, where they are from or whether they are seeing someone. Social structure as should be obvious today can shape conclusions, perspectives and t hought which drives us to our conduct and subsequently our personality.

What do Women Writers Want from an Editor

What do Women Writers Want from an Editor What do Women Writers Want from an Editor? Laurie Garrison, Ph.D. is the executive of Women Writers School, a blog and course supplier that works for the most part with female writers. She has as of late independently published a pronouncement for her business, Women Writers in the Twenty-First Century. Beforehand, she was a college teacher, a globally fame pundit of Victorian writing and the writer of the book, Science, Sexuality and Sensation Novels: Pleasures of the Senses.The online world is overflowing with free guidance for scholars. Wherever I look I see articles designed for helping the author shape her messages, pitches, recommendations, rundowns and, most importantly, her original copies into something an operator, editorial manager or distributer needs to see. At the point when the opportunity arrives to move toward our objective peruser (regardless of whether they're an operator, editorial manager or distributer), we should step cautiously for sure. We should make no approach until we have finished the fundame ntal research on titles, writers, style and interests (not our own but rather those of our objective reader).When we reach, we should be brief and come to the heart of the matter. Our peruser has almost no opportunity to save. We should list our accomplishments with certainty however not brag excessively, in case we aggravate our peruser before the connection is even opened. We should pick the ideal correlation titles, however just those that emphatically resound with our expected peruser, and we should get this privilege or an entryway will close forcefully. We should be sharp however not all that sharp that we ever pursue for a reaction in light of the fact that, except if fruitful, a reaction is simply a lot to expect.Publishing Advice and Women’s Experience: Is Change Afoot?This conscientious, uneasiness ridden, practically urgent assurance to shape oneself into whatever it is the beneficiary on the opposite finish of the email venture needs is natural to a great deal of ladies, in distributing as well as in other serious expert circumstances too. The topic of whether a lady should form herself to fit her general surroundings (what I’d call the 'Lean In' approach) or whether it is the outside world that requirements to change (what I’d call the 'Lean Out' approach) is a subject of much discussion in present day women's liberation. Plainly, most of us in distributing are taking the 'Lean In' approach, not least on the grounds that occasionally we simply need to get distributed and should change the world at another time.However, we are working at a time where things are evolving rapidly. I wonder if a changed world, where operators, editors, and distributers provide food more to the necessities of authors, probably won't be so distant all things considered. As of late, the ascent of digital books, the social web, and independently publishing have turned customary distributing on its head. Committed free writers would now be able to sell the same number of books as writers from the Big Five. In the new business as usual, it makes a difference a whole lot more what the crowd thinks than what the specialist, manager or distributer thinks. In the new business as usual, what perusers think matters MUCH more than what operators or distributers do Add to this that ladies are encountering an unbalanced measure of achievement in independently publishing, and I might particularly want to ask, will there be where specialists, distributers, and editors must provide food to scholars, yet to ladies essayists? What might the calling resemble on the off chance that it was formed to suit the requirements of female scholars as opposed to the calendars and financial plans of the distributing business? For conversation, I recommend that it would appear to be extremely unique from the world at present spoke to on distributing exhortation sites. That is the place an essayist is urged to shape everything about herself and her work to fit what a theoretical specialist, manager or distributer is searching for -  whether that operator, proofreader or distributer is reasonable or not. What might distributing resemble on the off chance that it was molded to suit the necessities of female journalists? A New Kind of Writer-Editor RelationshipI’m going to propose an increasingly equivalent connection among author and supervisor. It's a sort of relationship that speaks to what I think a lady needs from a supervisor. I can’t represent all ladies, yet I do talk for a fact. I’m putting together my portrayal with respect to numerous long periods of showing for the most part female understudies, managing crafted by postgraduate understudies (once more, generally female), functioning as a manager, collaborating with associates to go about as co-editors and working with dispatching editors, peer analysts and diary editors on my own rundown of distributions. I’m utilizing ‘editor’ as a catch-all to mean any individual who partakes in a formative altering process, so I figure a few or the entirety of this could apply to operators, editors, and publishers.I accept there are three characteristics to essayist editorial manager connections that work best f or ladies. There should be a feeling of shared obligation regarding the nature of the work (rather than a top-down or serious environment), bunches of individual cooperation as incessant correspondence, and the improvement of a drawn out relationship where trust and commonality can create. Here’s what I figure this would resemble in practice.1. The procedure of altering and modifying a composition would be aâ team effortIn my best altering connections, the proofreader peruses the writer’s work with the expectation of improving the original copy, not with prescriptive arrangements yet with questions and pointers where the composing has gotten free. All things considered, it ought to be the writer’s obligation to think of the arrangement. This kind of to and fro among editorial manager and essayist is particularly significant when complex thoughts are included: illuminating them enough to connect with the peruser draws in while maintaining a strategic distance fr om the trap of being excessively hypercritical. I would say, this sort of joint effort works best through discussions, not email or remarks on original copies. On the off chance that there are numerous methods of improving specific bits of a book, a discussion is regularly the best methods for working this out. Altering regularly works best through discussions, not messages or remarks on original copies. 2. The supervisor would have the option to pass judgment on the correct time to engage the author to assume responsibility for publication choice makingEvery original copy is unique, and each subject is extraordinary. There is nobody size-fits-all answer for any altering challenge. On the off chance that the editorial manager is going about as a specialist on structure and style, at that point the author ought to be the master on substance and whether proposed changes work with the substance. I have done formative altering on compositions about subjects as different as eighteenth-century phrenology and the US-UK exceptional relationship in James Bond books. My job as supervisor in these circumstances has been to contemplate how that one of a kind subject would be best introduced to a group of people, remembering that the last say needs to go to the creator as the individual who find out about the subject than anybody else.Very frequently, publication choices will rely upon topic apti tude. At these occasions, calling attention to where there are choices to be made is a superior strategy than attempting to work out a solution.3. There would be an equalization of positive and negative criticismThe procedure of altering centers such a great amount around negative analysis (with good motivations) that it is anything but difficult to overlook that an author additionally has to comprehend what functions admirably in an original copy and which are the stand-apart focuses that ought to be kept no matter what. There have been times when I have the unmistakable inclination that my manager was frantically looking for rectifications to make. That is to say, for instance, loads of pointless tinkering with word decision when the alter should be a major picture perspective on the original copy. Now and again an original copy doesn’t need a lot of work, yet a proofreader needs to feel like they’re carrying out their responsibility. In these circumstances, yet in a ny altering task, we should look to top off probably a portion of the space with positive analysis since it very well may be similarly useful for sharpening procedure and creating certainty. The altering procedure regularly concentrates a lot on negative analysis #amediting w. @lauriebg_ 4. There would be standard, charming correspondence among proofreader and writerI have had various altering connections where I truly anticipated the discussions I would have with my supervisor or with the author. Be that as it may, I have had an equivalent sum where there was no chance of having any discussion whatsoever and I needed to make my best estimate at precisely what the editorial manager was requesting that I do when the remarks were indistinct. I just don’t think an editorial manager author relationship can be totally fruitful if there is no opportunities for discussions between the supervisor and essayist, in any event to get explanation on a portion of the remarks. At the point when correspondence has been at its best in my connections of this sort, talking about the original copy is to a greater degree a conceptualizing movement than an activity of passing data back and forth.5. Both editorial manager and author would improve their own composition because of the essayist supervisor relationshipIn my best author proofreader connections, the way toward working so intimately with another author brings about a change in my own writing in future original copies just as the current one, paying little heed to which job I’m taking. This is the thing that happens when you invest a lot of energy chipping away at somebody else’s composing, which can be a touch of an activity in being in another person’s head. In the event that you discover somebody you can work with on this level, hold tight to that relationship, yet additionally continue searching for other people. Numerous connections like this can open up a wide range of opportunities for trying different things with new styles and approaches. There are such a significant number of various ways a writer’s work can change throughout the long stretches of a vocation, and I think altering connections have an inseparable tie to this.This is the thing that I think wom

Premarital Sex Opinion Essay Example For Students

Pre-marriage Sex Opinion Essay Pre-marriage sex is an immense issue in the public eye today. Individuals everywhereare holding off on holding up until they get hitched to have intercourse. Individuals engaging in sexual relations todayare not mindful of the results that accompany having intercourse. They justthink it is fun and there are nothing other than fun accompanies engaging in sexual relations. A few people will in general have a great deal of sex. They state they do it for thesatisfaction. They accept sex is enjoyable. It is seen to be an incredible thingfrom the time one is youthful. Going to primary school kids consistently talkedabout the day they would engage in sexual relations. They anticipated it. Wherethey got the possibility that sex was such an incredible of hours. Ideally individuals willbegin to take a gander at all that they can lose from engaging in sexual relations before marriage. The equivalent goes for the individuals who can not be monogamous. Individuals should holdthemselves to a better quality. On the off chance that individuals had more certainty I believethat they would feel they expected to have intercourse to intrigue individuals or to makepeople glad. Sex ought to be a consequence of affection and ought to have more meaningthan it does to certain individuals. The whole point is sex has before marriagehas outcomes. There are numerous and Ive just contacted dependent on a couple. In the event that Iwere to go over each reason that sex wasn't right the rundown could never end. Our dads comprehended that sex was an honored encounter made just formarried couples as an approach to communicate their affection and want for one another. Be that as it may, our adolescents today consider sex a fun-thing; they have the beliefthat it is alright to have intercourse with who ever one is having a relationshipwith, and young people take part in a few connections before choosing to settledown. However, our dads were directly with their feeling about sex; sex shouldbe a favored difficulty and not a pleasant thing. Young people should attempt and preservethemselves for marriage, however in a circumstance where an individual can't holdhimself he should then attempt to ensure himself by utilizing a condom in light of the fact that ofthe impact to get hitched and raise the infant together, yet things dontalways end up well after the marriage; these couples may not knowthemselves excessively well. In case of the marriage they may discover outdifferent sides of the contrary individual that they dont like, and they mayfinally separate. This doesnt go to the advancement of the kid eitherbecause he may wind up being raised by a solita ry parent and denied of theother. All these loathsome things can be kept away from by simply declining fromsex till one is hitched, however when the inclination to have intercourse can't be overcomethen the individual included should utilize a condom to ensure himself.

Separation of Powers in Australia - Free Essay Example

1. Explain the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers and how it operates in Australia. (350 words) The doctrine of the separation of powers is a political system used in Australia, where the institutions of government are divided into three main branches. These include the executive, legislative, and judicial(Greenfeld, 2012). The legislature includes the parliament that is responsible of making the laws of the country. The executive includes the ministries that are responsible of putting the laws made by the legislature into operation. The judiciary, which made up of the courts, is responsible of giving interpretation to the laws. The doctrine of separation of powers is usually said to be a cornerstone to fair governance.in Australia, this doctrine is puts together the uncomplicated democratic concepts that are part of the Westminster system, the version of power separation of United States, and the responsible government doctrine. Separation of powers has been a highly complicated issue in Australia due to the fact that it has not been totally described where the ultimate power lies within the political system of Australia. It has been difficult to argue out whether there is an overlap between the different branches of the doctrine of separation of power in Australia, although between these different branches, there is a visible common ground. In Victorian Stevedoring General Contracting Co Pty Ltd Meakes v Dignan, the high court ruled that it was not practical to have a division that is strict between the executive and the legislature; hence re-affirming this to be outlined in the constitution(Carney, 2000).Little distinction exists between the Australian legislature and executive as seen in the above case.Members of the executive of Australia are actually members of the Parliament. The Governor-general is responsible of appointing the executive and judge of the high court, yet he is part of the Parliament(Greenfeld, 2012). From the Australian constitution, section 64 provides that the members of the executive who are federal ministers must be part of the parliament(Carney, 2000). This establishes a clear connection between the legislature and the executive, hence eliminating the total separation of the e xecutive and legislature as seen in the American system. TheAustraliansystem of separation of powers stipulates thatthe political branches are not supposed to interrupt judicial activities. 2. Is there a true separation of powers between the institutions of government in Australia? (350 words) The separation of powers phenomenon between the Australian institutions of government is not clear. There is no true separation between the executive and legislature. This means that there is no true separation between the institutions of government. This is evident with the fact that the members of the executive must be members of the Parliament. On the other hand, the federal judiciary of Australia has strictly protected its independence from the legislature and the executive. This means that in the case of the judiciary, there is a true separation with the other branches of government.New South Wales v Commonwealth Wheat case in 1915, the high court came up with a decision that strict protection of the power of the judiciary was very fundamental in the constitution(Greenfeld, 2012). This protection was to be granted to commissions and tribunals that were formed by the legislature. This protection goes both ways where the political branches are not to interfere with the work of the judiciary, and at the same time, the judiciary should not interfere with the legislature and executive. Some people will argue their case that the fact that the judges of the high court are selected by the Governor-General, who is a member of the executive; there is still no true separation of the judiciary and the other two branches. This is because the leadership of the judiciary is totally affected by the executive that nominated the judges, and at the same time, the executive member that selected the high court judges is part of the legislative. Where the power lies within the Australian system has been a controversial issue for a long while. The effect brought about by the stro ng party discipline has led to the executive dominating the legislative. There is a visible overlap of the legislative and executive branches in the above case hence there is no true separation between the two branches. Comparing the American phenomenon of separation of power and the Australian phenomenon, one may find that the Australian separation of power is not as strict as the American separation of power. In the American system, the legislative is totally different from the executive unlike in Australia. 3. Choose another country (either a common law or civil law jurisdiction) to explain how the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers operates in that other country compared to Australia. (800 words ) The doctrine of the separation of powers in the United States of America is quite different from the Australian case, hence my choice of comparison to the Australian doctrine.In America, the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government are very distinct from each other. This is to prevent the abuse of power, and hence the philosophy of separation of power was very crucial in the formulating of the constitution of United States(Hunter-Schulz, 2005). The separation of power that is administered in America is closely associated to checks and balances system. Regarding the American legislative power, the congress is the branch of government that has sole power to do legislation duties. the non-delegation doctrine does not allow the congress to give its responsibility of law making to any other branch of government. This is different from the Australian case where the law makers are part of the executive. The executive branch in the USA is conferred, with qualifications and exceptions in the president. Section 2 of the American Constitution states that the President is the Commander in chief of the Navy and the Army, with a responsibility of appointing people into office and making treaties on behalf of the nation(Spindler, 2000). The presi dent is also supposed to receive public Ministers and ambassadors with the Senateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consent, and also make sure that the laws of the nation are executed faithfully. This means the president is required by the constitution to enforce the laws personally, but through subordinates. The congress may terminate appointments done by the president and in addition, the president executes whatever that is given to him by congress(Spindler, 2000). From the above explanation, the American doctrine of separation of power is very clear between the executive that includes the president, and the legislature that includes the congress(Spindler, 2000). This is a completely different scenario in Australia where the constitution totally links the executive to the legislature. As seen in the American perspective, the executive is not part of the legislature as is the case in Australia. The duties of the two branches are completely distinct in the American phenomenon. In addition, there is a lot of control of power in the American scenario since the ultimate objective of each branch of government is to check the power of the other branches(Hunter-Schulz, 2005). Even the presidentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power is greatly checked by the congress since he is no supposed to do anything without the consent of the congress.in Australia, the political parties greatly determine the decisions of the executive since it is through parties that the executive members get into leadership. The power of the judicial branch of the American government is more or less similar to that of the Australian government. It has the power to interprete the law in addition to deciding cases. the power of the judiciary is completely differentiated from the rest of the branches just like in the case of the Australia(Hunter-Schulz, 2005). In America, the executive is responsible of appointing the judges of the judges but under the consent of the senate. This is quite similar to the Australian judic iary where the judges are also selected by the executive. A case where an overlap of government branches of legislature and judiciary is in legislative courts formed by the Congress. On the contrary, there is no overlap because the legislative courts do not have a responsibility of exercising the judicial power. The work of the legislative court is the adjudication of questions regarding public rights. It is clear that the American constitution has gone a long way in ensuring that one branch of the government does not delegate its duties to another branch of government as it may, at times, be the case of the legislative and executive branches of the Australian government. The big argument in the Australian separation of power regarding where power lies is not the case in the American phenomenon. Equality of the executive, judiciary, and the legislature is what the constitution of America stipulates. Although in some cases, for instance, at the time when the republican governme nt is in power, the legislature is usually dominates(Gerangelos, 2009). It is a shared view between America and Australia that historically, the judiciary has always been seen as the weakest branch as compared to the legislative and executive. The fact that the judges that work in the judiciary are selected by another branch, which is the executive, proves that the judiciary may be weaker than the other two branches(Greenfeld, 2012). It is safe to conclude that the doctrine of separation of powers in the Australian system is quite different from the American system due to the difference in the system of governance. The judiciary in both scenarios has its seclusion from the other two branches although at the end of the day it may be portrayed as the weakest of the three government branches. References Carney, G. (2000). Separation of Powers in the Westminster System. Australasian Study of Parliament Group, 1-8. Gerangelos, P. (2009). THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND LEGISLATIVE INTERFERENCE IN JUDICIAL PROCESS. CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND LIMITATIONS, 862-865. Greenfeld, M. (2012). THE ASYMMETRY OF THE SEPARATION OF POWERS. The Western Australian Jurist, 233-245. Hunter-Schulz, T. (2005). Rule of law, separation of powers and judicial decision making in Australia. The National Legal Eagle, 1-6. Spindler, G. (2000). Separation of Powers: Doctrine and Practice. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from Parliament of New South Wales: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/SeparationofPowers

The Principles Of Reliability And Validity Essay - 928 Words

Introduction If you are looking for scientific proof, then validity and reliability are what you need. In the work by Xie, Huang (2014) they describe the following: The principles of reliability and validity are fundamental cornerstones of the scientific method. Reliability is defined as the extent to which a measure is repeated under ideal conditions. Validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure. Establishing good quality studies need both high reliability and high validity. (p.326). Both of these concepts are worthy of exploration, and understanding them is crucial for evaluating, designing, and performing scientific studies. Reliability Reliability is about consistency. For data to have reliability, it will need stability, internal reliability, and inter-observer reliability. Stability. If a measure does not fluctuate over time, it is considered to have stability. Data collected at one period of time and then collected again at a different period in time will not have a great deal of variability. Stability can be tested by administering a test at one point in time and then re-administering the same test under the same conditions. Internal Reliability Internal reliability. This refers to the scale that is used to measure data. If the scale is consistent, then it is said to have internal reliability. We need to be sure that whatever variation we are measuring is actually produced by the variables, not by theShow MoreRelatedExploring Reliability and Validity765 Words   |  4 PagesExploring Reliability and Validity Lynetric Rivers Liberty University Abstract This paper will focus on the types of reliability and validity used in the Values and Motives Questionnaire. Also this writer will be investigating areas of concerns and strengths as it relates to the Values and Motives Questionnaire, well as formulating an opinion of the test (VMQ) with the material presented. This writer will further conveying information concerning the sample size, nature of population thatRead MoreSelection Interaction Of Selection And Selection920 Words   |  4 PagesSelection Interaction The last threat to internal validity is ‘selection interaction’. It is the interaction of the other threats with the selection threat. The most common of these threats is the interaction of selection threat with maturation. This combination of selection-maturation threat is concerned with different rates of growth between the two groups between the pre and post test (Slack and Draugalis, 2001). External Validity External validity can be defined as the ability of a research designRead MoreThe Ethics And Public Policies1233 Words   |  5 PagesWhen studying personality psychology, a researcher uses theories, methods, and relies heavily on ethics, reliability, and validity. Using the â€Å"LOTS of data† acronym, personality researchers gather information to study people. These include, L-data (life record data), O-data (observation data), T-data (Test data) and S-data (self-report data). (Cervone Pervin, 2013) Each method has strengths and weaknesses. As well as â€Å"LOTS†, researchers must form a theory to â€Å"decide what to measure and how to measureRead MoreExploring Reliability and Validity1068 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Exploring Reliability and Validity- Values and Motives Questionnaire Exploring Reliability and Validity- Values and Motives Questionnaire The Values and Motives Questionnaire, also known as the Values and Motives Inventory, is designed to examine a person’s motivation in relation to his values and activities. In order to ensure a comprehensive understanding of values, the VMQ assess three distinct areas, including: interpersonal, intrinsic, and extrinsic. Interpersonal values, accordingRead MoreReliability and Validity Paper1289 Words   |  6 PagesReliability and Validity Paper University of Phoenix BSHS 352 The profession of human service uses an enormous quantify of information to conduct test in the process of service delivery. The data assembled goes to a panel of assessment when deciding the option that will best fit the interest of the population, or the experiment idea in question. The content of this paper will define, and describe the different types of reliability, and validity. In addition display examples of data collectionRead MoreEssay on validity reliability1475 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY For the statistical consultant working with social science researchers the estimation of reliability and validity is a task frequently encountered. Measurement issues differ in the social sciences in that they are related to the quantification of abstract, intangible and unobservable constructs. In many instances, then, the meaning of quantities is only inferred. Let us begin by a general description of the paradigm that we are dealing with. Most concepts in the behavioralRead MoreAn Empirical Study Of Local Maori Residents Perceptions Of Film Tourism On New Zealand1541 Words   |  7 Pagesepistemologies of positivism and realism (Jennings, 2001). As part of the quantitative methodology, the research will make sure to measure the validity and reliability of the findings provided by the data (Angen, 2000). In terms of measuring error, reliability and validity, measurement of validity will look for systematic errors in the results, whereas reliability will look for random errors in the results (Adcock Collier, 2001). The key method of data collection for this research will be a survey/questionnaireRead MoreHow Does Opinionated Responses Affect Job Performance827 Words   |  4 Pagescauses reference checkers to always be obtaining specific behavioral example with a general consensus from other references. Future employee success was found, â€Å"a meta-analysis’s low validity is largely due to four main problems with references and letters of recommendation: leniency, knowledge of the applicant, low reliability, and extraneous factors involved in writing and reading such letters† (Aamodt, 2016, p. 161). A letter of recommendation has a great chance of developing into one predictor ofRead MoreIssues in Psychological Testing Worksheet831 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological testing, which constitute ethical principles for the profession. The second source of ethical principles associated to testing is the American Psychological Association’s (APA, 2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (Hogan, 2007). Competence is a very important ethical principle of psychological testing. Psychologist should establish competence in assessment concepts and methodology. The concepts include reliability, validity, norms, and test construction. TechnicalRead MoreSystematic Procedure To Collect Essential Data And These1345 Words   |  6 PagesStandardization refers to proper item selection, high reliability and validity of the instrument to be used in collection of data. And second one is construction of a tool by researcher for present study, constructing of tool for the study needs lot of care and caution . Construction of tool is a time taking and expansive affair number of steps to be followed such as piloting of the pool of questions, difficulty value, difficulty index, validity and reliability has to observed, tested by researcher. Consultation

The Importance Of Management And The Success Of A Company

Evaluating the importance of management and integrity as essential elements to the success of a company Introduction When it comes to the coordination of activities of an or organization or a company in order to achieve its desired objectives, the importance of management should never be underestimated, management itself is a large and complex topic with all organizations having its goals and objective in which its management process will need to attain desired success for the company, using Global logistics management as an anchor point in understanding the importance of management for the success of a company, we need to understand that the world has become a globally linked environment, economic freedom has uncompromisingly lifted the barriers between countries. Evaluation In order to deal with the ever growing changes in competition in the market, the company must take into consideration the speed, efficiency, and other conditions in the operation of strategies, and in crossing these socio economic barriers management plays a really important role, in the deployment of strategic plan s and objectives to deal with each issue that rises from every and each one of these barriers, therefore the industry needs to pay attention to the vertical integrative relationship among upstream suppliers, midstream retailers, as well as downstream retail customers, the transformational process of the global industry, and the need of the logistics management system is graduallyShow MoreRelatedSQSM OM Starbucks1486 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Student Assignment Covering Form Course/Unit Information Course MBA-On line Unit No. Unit 11 Unit Name Strategic Quality and Systems Management Unit code H/602/2327 Batch E11-E41-SQSM1406 Instructor Information Name Dr. Indranil Bose Phone +971 55 9860258 Skype Email indranil@mywestford.com,indranil@westford.org.uk Assignment Information Full/ Part Assignment Part Assignment Date Assignment Issued 9-06-2014 Date Assignment Due Task-1: 24-06-2014 Student Information (To be filledRead MoreFunctions And Functions Of Management1113 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four primary functions involving management, which are considered the very life line and it’s existent. These four functions are instrumental and detrimental to the success and longevity of any company. Without these vital staples, a company is doomed before it is birth, and they are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. However, there is another essential component to the functions of management, and it is the important of diversity. In this paper I will identify the detailedRead MoreImportance of Project Management1533 Words   |  6 PagesProject Management Introduction Project management is one of the most important activities that companies develop. This is because their activity is divided into several projects in order to better manage their resources. This also allows them to improve their performance. In addition to this, companies use project management in order to increase the efficiency of their employees. By working in projects, employees can develop a series of skills that allow them to improve their work. ThereforeRead MoreMgt 498963 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Management and Process Paper The strategic management process is important to the success of any company. Throughout the following paragraphs, the paper will discuss the primary components of the strategic management process. The paper will indicate the importance of why a company should use the strategic management process. Finally, the paper will close with the discussion of the research that found regarding Apple describing the strategic management process that the company uses in itRead MoreThe Importance Of Management At Mcdonald s And Google Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn what ways are management of companies different or how are they similar to one another? And what is the importance of management in how a company runs nowadays? Many of us question about why knowing the history of management is important to Managers? According to (Samson et al, 2012, Page 53) â€Å"A historical perspective provides a broader way of thinking; a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.† In the history of management, many trends have appearedRead MoreThe Value Of Good Management1664 Words   |  7 Pagescompetition among companies is likely to get tougher. In the development of companies, good management play an important role in a company achieving success, which means making a correct decision in order to achieve a particular purpose, plan, organize, direct, operate and control process. The purpose of good management is efficiency and benefit. The key of management is people and the principle of management is to organization, organization s centre is people. The essence of good management is the collectionRead MoreStrategic Management: Crafting and Executing Strategy1252 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this report is to present the importance of strategic planning for a business organization. The industry chosen for this report is airline industry and the company name is Asian Airlines. The report starts with a strong argument supporting why and how a strategic plan is important for an airline business and proceeds by discussing the mission and vision statement for Asian Airlines. The next section establishes five key objectives for the company encompassing operational, financial, andRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management Case Study1167 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Human Resource Management In today’s business world, the most powerful asset to a company and what deserves the most attention are their employees. Businesses strive for a high profitable environment by sustaining a competitive edge in the market that they operate. There are a lot of factors that drive a businesses’ success level, but the employees are by far the most vital resource to a company’s well being. Research has shown that productivity and overall performance are related to theRead MoreThe Long Term Performance And Operational Success Of A Firm1691 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits of strategic management is one of the key theme of the chapter and it is important for the long-term performance and operational success of a firm. A firm must adapt to the changing market and technological environment is another major concept that is explained briefly in the chapter. Strategic management provides a clear sense of strategic vision for the firm, sharper focus on what is important, and an improved understanding of a rapidly changing environment. Importance of innovation is anotherRead MoreAction Adventures 21353 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities: o Identify the major issues and or opportunities that the company faces based on your analysis above. o Generate a hypothesis surrounding each issue and research questions to use for conducting analysis. o Identify the circumstances surrounding each issue; classify the circumstances; attribute the importance of each classification; and test the accuracy of the importance for each classification. Proposed Business Action Adventures; Mission, Vision

Essay on Psychological Profiling By Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an essay on Psychological Profiling? Answer: Key concepts of psychological profiling: As per the David Canters Investigative Psychology (DCIP), the main assumptions are highlighted through the subsections as interpersonal coherence, time and place importance, criminal characteristics and criminal career. Going by the DCIP 1st assumption, a normal dealing of the victims by the criminals as with other persons in daily life prevents the identification of criminals through behavioral observation. Clues about personal life and residence of the offender are assumed through the time and place as per 2nd assumption (Canter and Alison, 2012). The 3rd assumption emphasizes on relating the crime and offender to let the difference identified to lead to a classification system. The FBI crime scene analysis identifies the organized, disorganized and mixed types of crime typologies based on differences. David Canter however, rejected it due to the characteristic of overlapping. The 4th assumption of DCIP is the criminal career of the offender based on which, the nature and types of behavioral pattern of the crime is assessed. The Circle theory on the other hand, holds the view of considering crimes to possess a pattern and not being random (Tedeschi, 2013). The Five-Factor model resolves the issue of overlapping by using its five factors of personality traits that helps in description of human personality. The acronym OCEAN (Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) can identify the factors (Chiaburu et al. 2011). Identification of criminals through psychological profiling: The theories as DCIP enable the conduction of psychological profiling that are helpful in developing profiles for rapists, murderers and other criminals to apprehend them. As per this theory, the characteristics of the crime are well observed and analyzed to identify the personality, behavior, geographic location and demographic identifications of the criminal. Gardner (2011) asserted that the quality of the data retrieved dictates the process of profiling. The psychological profiling refers to the sketching of the behavioral aspect of the suspected individual. In order to generate a profile, the process initiates with an extensive analysis of the nature of the concerned criminal act and comparing it to the previous similar criminal events. Performing an in-depth analysis of the actual crime scene helps in the identification of the significant facts and details indicating the various aspects of the prospective offender. Analysing the background and activities of the victim enables the identification of possible motives and connections for the crime. Alison and Rainbow (2011) supported it by stating that it assist in analysis of the prospective factors motivating the offender towards the criminal act. The profiling process concludes with the development of the descriptive factors for the offender based on the characteristics identified and compared to former cases. Identification and evaluation of behavioral patterns through profiling research: Based on the Canters Circle Theory of psychological profiling, the two major models describe the spatial behavior of the offender. The Marauder model and the Commuter model are 2 parts of this theory (Canter, 2011). The M-model stating the movement of an offender starting closer to home to the outer range of circle to the crime spot identifies the geographic descriptors to locate the offender, predicting the style of offence committed. The C-model on the other hand, stating that the offenders tend to travel from distant place to closer criminal spots related to their home base to commit the crime, thus identifying a distinct behavioral pattern of the offender. The circle theory uses the offenders previously identified crimes to predict the residential base of the offender. It constructs a circle for the criminals hypothetical range of crime (Van Daele and Vander Beken, 2011). It thus, identifies the relation between the residential base and criminal range of the criminals through the M-model and C-model of spatial behavior. Another theory DCIP, provide description and classification of the prime matters to consider in criminal profiling. It relates the criminals with their activities. With a consideration of the major factors, the theory relates the offender with the evidences found in the crime scene. The behavioral pattern of the criminal is assessed through the close and deep observation of the evidences at the crime scene. The removal of evidence in a planned way, or leaving of clues through evidences denotes the specific patterns of behavior of the offender (Youngs and Canter, 2012). Strengths and weaknesses of 2 psychological theories in terms of appropriateness and effectiveness relating to criminal profiling: David Canters Investigative Psychology theory is highly efficient in identifying the potential offenders based on their psychological profiling. The CAPPS (Computer Aided Passenger Prescreening System) of criminal profiling developed at American Airlines Flight 77 at the Dulles Airport was seen to be able to identify two of the terrorists attacking the pentagon. However, a major weakness of this theory is that due to the broadness of the profiling, several innocent individuals end up with questioning and detention uselessly thus wasting time and energy along with posing an honor risk to those people (Alison and Rainbow, 2011). It raises the ethical issues of detaining an innocent. This theory takes into account the probable consistency of an offender from one criminal act to another. The risk of changes in the criminals behavior over time is a major weakness that renders this theory less effective in the profiling process. Taking the Circle theory of criminal profiling, the home location of an offender is efficiently identified by the examination of the evidences at crime scene. With the occurrence of each crime in a series, the locating efficiency becomes more specific (Ainsworth, 2013). Through mapping of the crime locations, it helps in identifying the base of the offender. Although the theory is efficient in locating the serial criminals as rapists or murderers but it fails to locate the one time criminals efficiently due to lack of previous or future criminal acts. The theory faces restriction while applying in a rural area due to limited residential search in the implied 2 miles radius of its circle. It also suffers from a cloud of non-clearance regarding the labeling of the offenders (Mohler and Short, 2012). References Ainsworth, P. (2013).Offender Profiling Crime Analysis. Willan Alison, L., and Rainbow, L. (Eds.). (2011).Professionalizing offender profiling: Forensic and investigative psychology in practice. Taylor Francis. Canter, D. V. (2011). Resolving the offender profiling equations and the emergence of an investigative psychology.Current Directions in Psychological Science,20(1), 5-10. Canter, D., and Alison, L. (Eds.). (2012).Profiling in policy and practice(Vol. 2). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd Chiaburu, D. S., Oh, I. S., Berry, C. M., Li, N., and Gardner, R. G. (2011). The five-factor model of personality traits and organizational citizenship behaviors: a meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(6), 1140. Gardner, H. (2011).Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic books. Mohler, G. O., and Short, M. B. (2012). Geographic profiling from kinetic models of criminal behavior.SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics,72(1), 163-180. Tedeschi, J. T. (Ed.). (2013).Impression management theory and social psychological research. Academic Press Van Daele, S., and Vander Beken, T. (2011). Outbound offending: The journey to crime and crime sprees.Journal of environmental psychology,31(1), 70-78. Youngs, D., and Canter, D. V. (2012). Narrative roles in criminal action: An integrative framework for differentiating offenders.Legal and Criminological Psychology,17(2), 233-249.